Bird Surveys

Birds

In the UK, all wild birds are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).

Under this legislation, it is an offence to:

  • intentionally kill, injure, or take any wild bird
  • take, damage, or destroy the nest of any wild bird while it is being built or in use
  • take or destroy the eggs of any wild bird

Additional protection is afforded to species listed on Schedule 1, which are protected from disturbance while nesting.

Other relevant legislation includes the Birds Directive and the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006.

Birds can be affected by a wide range of development activities, including:

  • Loss or degradation of habitat, such as woodland, scrub, grassland, and buildings used for nesting
  • Vegetation clearance during the nesting season
  • Disturbance from construction activities, including noise, lighting, and increased human presence
  • Impacts to important feeding, roosting, or nesting areas

Surveys may also be required to support conservation projects, changes in land use, or site management activities.

The optimal timing for surveys can be found in our ecology calendar.

If your Preliminary Ecological Appraisal identifies potential constraints relating to birds, further surveys may be required.

Adonis Blue can support you with all necessary surveys and mitigation.

Please note: Certain species-specific surveys (e.g. barn owl) have specific timing and licensing requirements. We recommend contacting us for tailored advice.

Bird Surveys

The following survey types are commonly used in development contexts:

Breeding Bird survey

  • Purpose: To assess the presence, abundance, and breeding activity of bird species within a site, establishing a baseline and informing impact assessment
  • Method: Surveyors walk the site and record birds by sight and sound, mapping territories and identifying breeding behaviour
  • Timings: Surveys are undertaken between March and July, covering the main breeding season
  • Number of surveys: Typically 4–6 visits (commonly 6 visits for robust assessment), Visits are spread across the survey season to capture early and late breeders
  • Surveys must be undertaken by a competent ornithologist

Wintering Bird survey

  • Purpose: To record bird species using a site during the winter and migration period, identifying important feeding and roosting areas
  • Method: Surveyors walk the site and record birds by sight and sound, noting numbers, behaviour, and habitat use
  • Timings: Surveys are undertaken between November and March
  • Number of surveys: Typically 3–4 visits (commonly 4 visits), Visits are spaced across the winter period to capture variation in species presence
  • Surveys must be undertaken by a competent ornithologist

Advice and Mitigation

We provide advice on a wide range of bird mitigation and enhancement measures, including:

  • Barn owl surveys, advice, and licensed work (where required)
  • Guidance on the installation and appropriate placement of bird boxes
  • Habitat creation and enhancement, including compensatory measures
  • Timing of works to avoid impacts during the nesting season
  • Ongoing monitoring of protected or notable species
  • Bird surveys to support Ecological Impact Assessments (EcIA)